Explore the mystery of Nageiredo Hall at Sanbutsuji Temple on Mount Mitoku in Tottori! Uncover the legend of Japan’s most dangerous National Treasure, its architectural miracle, and a guide to the highly challenging climbing training path.
Introduction
Among the many National Treasure-class buildings in Japan, there is a place renowned for its unparalleled construction location and extremely challenging pilgrimage route, even being called “Japan’s most dangerous National Treasure.” That is the Mitokusan Sanbutsuji Nageiredo Hall, located in a cave on a sheer cliff deep in the mountains of Misasa Town, Tottori Prefecture. This wooden Buddhist hall, which seems to float in mid-air, is not only full of mystery and architectural miracle, but the path leading to it is not an ordinary pilgrimage route, but a rugged and steep “Shugyōdō” (training path) that requires climbing using both hands and feet. What kind of power or faith allowed ancient people to build such an incredible structure in such a perilous location? And what kind of determination and preparation are needed to witness its grandeur in person? This article will take you deep into the mysterious world of Mitokusan Sanbutsuji Nageiredo Hall, exploring everything from its origin legend, the mystery of its architecture, the challenging process of the climbing pilgrimage, to practical visiting tips and precautions, offering a glimpse into this unique National Treasure that combines faith, nature, and architectural miracle.
Japan’s Most Dangerous National Treasure: The Legend and Architectural Mystery of Nageiredo Hall
Mount Mitoku Sanbutsuji Nageiredo Hall is steeped in legend, not only due to its perilous location but also its mysterious origin story and unique architecture.
En no Gyōja and the “Nageire” Legend
Legend of the Founder of Shugendō: According to legend, in 706 AD (Keiun 3), En no Gyōja, the founder of Shugendō (a religion that blends Buddhism, Shinto, and mountain worship) in Japan, threw three lotus petals into the air in prayer to find a sacred mountain. One of the petals is said to have landed on Mount Mitoku in Tottori Prefecture. “Throwing” the Hall with Magical Power: Upon arriving at Mount Mitoku, En no Gyōja discovered a large rock cave on the mountainside. He believed this place to be highly spiritual and wished to build a Buddhist hall here. However, construction on such a steep cliff was nearly impossible. Thus, En no Gyōja first built the Buddhist hall (said to be the “Zaō-den” dedicated to Zaō Gongen) on flat ground at the foot of the mountain, and then, using his powerful magical abilities, “threw” the entire hall into the cave in the mountainside, where it fit perfectly. This is the origin of the name “Nageire-dō” (投⼊堂, “thrown-in hall”). This legendary story, full of mythological color, adds immeasurable mystery to Nageiredo Hall.
Architectural Miracle on the Cliff: National Treasure-Class Heian Remains
Mystery of the Construction Period: Although the legend attributes it to En no Gyōja, the actual construction period of Nageiredo Hall remains a mystery to this day. Based on scientific dendrochronology, some of the wood components of the building have been confirmed to date from the late Heian period (approximately late 11th to early 12th century), making it one of the very few existing wooden shrine and temple buildings from the Heian period, possessing great historical value. Unique Kakezukuri Structure: The most astonishing aspect of Nageiredo Hall is its construction method. The entire hall is skillfully embedded in a vertical cliff’s hollow, primarily supported by wooden pillars below, with some parts of the structure even suspended in mid-air, demonstrating highly advanced ancient architectural craftsmanship. This unique “Kakezukuri” (懸造) or “Butaizukuri” (舞台造) style (similar to the stage of Kiyomizu-dera Temple in Kyoto), is truly exceptional in such a perilous location. National Treasure Designation: Its unique architectural style, long history, and close connection with mountain worship led to its designation as a National Treasure of Japan in 1952. Its elegant upward-curving roof and intricate structure are also highly praised for their architectural aesthetics.
The Shugyōdō for Purifying the Six Roots: Challenges and Preparation for Climbing Nageiredo Hall
Approaching Nageiredo Hall closely for worship is not an easy task. The mountain path leading to Nageiredo Hall is considered a Shugyōdō (修行道, training path), not a general mountain trail, and is full of challenges with strict regulations.
Not Just Climbing, But Spiritual Training
Significance of the Shugyōdō: Mount Mitoku has been a place for mountain worship and Shugendō training since ancient times. The process of climbing to Nageiredo Hall is regarded as a form of spiritual training to purify the mind and body, aiming to achieve “Rokkon Shojo” (六根清浄, purification of the six sensory organs: eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and mind) by overcoming the rugged path. Dangerous Trail Conditions: This pilgrimage route is extremely rugged and difficult to walk, taking about 60-90 minutes one way. Along the way, you will encounter: Kazura-zaka: Steep slopes requiring climbing while holding onto tree roots. Kusari-zaka: Sections of the rock face that require assistance from chains to climb. Narrow rock passages, slippery root paths, steep stairs, etc. It is necessary to use both hands and feet almost throughout the entire route to move forward.
Strict Climbing Regulations and Safety Checks
Due to the danger of the pilgrimage route, strict regulations and checks are in place to ensure safety: No Solo Climbing: Absolutely prohibited to climb alone. You must be in a group of two or more. Solo travelers need to find other pilgrims on site to join, or consider hiring a local guide (which may require advance booking). Dress Code: Wearing skirts, baggy pants, or other clothing that hinders movement is prohibited. Wearing long sleeves and long pants suitable for mountain climbing is recommended. You must use a backpack to keep both hands free for climbing. Shoe Check (Extremely Important): Strict checking of shoe soles! You must wear hiking boots or trekking shoes with deep treads and good grip. Athletic shoes, casual shoes, spiked shoes, shoes with overly smooth soles, etc., are not allowed. If your shoes do not meet the standard, the temple sells Waraji (わらじ, straw sandals) at the trailhead (around 700-800 JPY). After changing into Waraji, you are usually permitted to enter the mountain (Waraji are surprisingly non-slip). No Walking Sticks: To protect the path and tree roots, the use of walking sticks or canes with metal tips is prohibited. Weather Restrictions: Entry is prohibited during rain, snow, snow accumulation, or when the temple determines the trail conditions are dangerous. The mountain is usually completely closed in winter (approximately December to March). Entry Time Limit: The acceptance time for pilgrimage climbing is from 8:00 AM to 3:00 PM. You must complete the procedures and start within the acceptance hours. Final Descent Time: Approximately 4:30 PM. You must descend by this time. Wagesa: When completing procedures at the trailhead, you will receive a “Wagesa” (輪袈裟, a simple stole worn around the neck), symbolizing entry into a place of training, and it must be worn throughout the pilgrimage. In summary, climbing to Nageiredo Hall is definitely not ordinary sightseeing but a training experience that requires physical strength, appropriate equipment, and adherence to rules.
Beyond Nageiredo Hall: The Mount Mitoku Precinct and the Beauty of Distant Views
The charm of Mount Mitoku Sanbutsuji Temple is not limited to Nageiredo Hall itself; the temple buildings along the way and the view from afar are also noteworthy.
Other Halls Along the Shugyōdō
During the arduous climbing process, you will pass several ancient halls similarly built on the mountainside or in perilous locations. These are also important cultural assets themselves: Monju-dō: Built on a suspended stage, it enshrines Monju Bosatsu (Manjushri), the Bodhisattva of wisdom. It is said that walking around the corridor on its exterior can bring wisdom. Jizō-dō: Also built on a stage, it enshrines Jizō Bosatsu (Ksitigarbha), the Bodhisattva. Shōrō-dō / Kane-tsuki-dō: A bell tower where a bronze bell is hung. Ringing the bell is said to purify the mind. Nōkyō-dō: A small and rustic-looking hall where sutras are stored. Kannon-dō, Musubikake-dō, etc. There are other buildings of historical significance along the way. These halls are not only centers of faith but also inspire admiration for the ancient people’s perseverance and skill in building temples in such rugged mountain terrain.
Cannot Climb? The Consolation of the Yōhaijo
For visitors who lack physical strength, have unsuitable equipment, are traveling alone, or cannot climb due to weather conditions, it is not entirely impossible to catch a glimpse of Nageiredo Hall. Nageire-dō Yōhaijo (投入堂遙拝所): A “Yōhaijo” (遙拝所, distant worship area) is located beside the road at the foot of Mount Mitoku. Viewing with Binoculars: Binoculars are available here, allowing you to view Nageiredo Hall embedded in the sheer cliff from a distance. While you cannot experience its grandeur up close, you can still admire its unique suspended form and the surrounding mountain scenery.
Practical Guide for Visiting: Transportation, Fees, and Precautions
Transportation Methods:
Train + Bus: Take the JR Sanin Main Line to “Kurayoshi Station”. From the bus terminal in front of Kurayoshi Station, take the Hinomaru Bus “Mitokusan Line” and get off at the final stop “Mitokusan Sandō Iriguchi” (三徳山参道入口, Mitokusan Sandō Iriguchi) (approx. 40 minutes ride). Bus services are not very frequent, so it is necessary to check the timetable. Driving: From the Yonago Expressway “Yubara IC” via National Route 482, it takes about 1 hour by car. From downtown Tottori via National Route 9 and prefectural roads, it takes about 1.5 hours by car. Parking Lot: There is a free town-operated parking lot (approx. 60 spaces) at the foot of Mount Mitoku.
Visiting Fees and Times:
Two-tiered Fee: Entrance Fee (Main Hall Area): An entrance fee is required to enter the main hall area of Sanbutsuji Temple and the treasure hall (Adults approx. 400 JPY, elementary and junior high school students approx. 200 JPY). Nageiredo Hall Pilgrimage Climbing Donation: If you wish to climb to Nageiredo Hall, you need to pay a separate “donation” (志納金, Shinōkin – similar to a climbing permit fee) at the climbing office (Adults approx. 800 JPY, elementary and junior high school students approx. 400 JPY), and complete registration and equipment check. The total fee is the sum of both (Total approx. 1200 JPY for adults). Opening Hours: Temple Precincts (Main Hall Area): Usually 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM. Nageiredo Hall Climbing Acceptance Hours: 8:00 AM – 3:00 PM. Be sure to complete registration within this time. Final Descent Time: Approximately 4:30 PM. You must descend by this time. Winter Closure: The Nageiredo Hall climbing trail is completely closed in winter (approximately December to March) due to snow.
Final Reminder for Safe Climbing:
High Physical Requirement: Please be sure to assess your own physical condition. This route is not suitable for those with poor physical fitness or fear of heights. Adequate Equipment: Qualified climbing shoes, comfortable clothing for activity, a backpack, gloves (simple work gloves are sold on site), and drinking water are basic requirements. Check Weather: Be sure to check the weather forecast before departure. Entry is prohibited in bad weather (e.g., rain). Climb with Others: Again, emphasize that you must be in a group of two or more. Respect Faith: This is an important place of training. Please be respectful and follow the temple’s rules.
Nearby Recommendations:
Misasa Onsen: Not far from Mount Mitoku, it is a healing hot spring village known for its high radon content. You can stay here before or after climbing to relax and soothe your mind and body. Official Website: To get the latest and most accurate information (including opening status, fees, regulations, etc.), please be sure to refer to the Official Website of Sanbutsuji Temple on Mount Mitoku.
Conclusion
Mount Mitoku Sanbutsuji Nageiredo Hall, this National Treasure building suspended on a sheer cliff, stands unique in Japan due to its incredible construction legend, distinctive architectural beauty, and highly challenging pilgrimage training path. It is not merely a tourist spot but a sacred place that tests physical strength, sharpens the mind, and allows one to deeply feel the power of mountain worship. Although the process of getting close to it is full of hardship and restrictions, the sense of accomplishment and spiritual awe gained when you overcome numerous difficulties and finally gaze upon that ancient temple up close is truly ineffable. If you have an adventurous spirit, yearn to challenge yourself, and are curious about Japan’s history, religion, and architectural miracles, then Mount Mitoku Sanbutsuji Nageiredo Hall, “Japan’s most dangerous National Treasure,” is definitely worth adding to your must-visit list to personally experience a “Rokkon Shojo” training journey.
